Hammer Toes

Deformity of the toe in which the end of the toe is extended (bent downward) while the middle of the toe is flexed (bent upward).  Can be fixed or flexible and typically affects the second toe.

Mallet Toe

Flexion deformity of the end of the toe with the middle of the toe extended. Can be fixed or flexible and usually affects the second toe.

Claw Toe

Flexion deformity at both joints of the toe (proximal and distal interphalangeal joints). Callus or corn may develop on the tip of the toe or at the toe joints and can involve single or multiple toes.

Causes

• wearing poorly fit shoes that force the toe(s) into a bent position. For example high heels or shoes that are too short or narrow for the foot
• muscle, nerve, or joint damage resulting from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, or diabetes

Treatment Options

Footwear

• extra wide/deep with soft liners to avoid irritation
• forefoot rocker to reduce the need for painful extension of the toes

Metatarsal pads

• unload the metatarsal heads and redistributes the pressure away from the painful area
• can be added to the sock liner of current footwear or incorporated into an orthotic device

Cushioning

• cushioning under the metatarsal heads to absorb pressure
• especially important if the metatarsal heads are prominent (fat pad atrophy)